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Solid Waste Management Plan
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Objectives
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Because of insufficient collection and also lack of environmental awareness
of the residents, some solid wastes generated are dumped into the streams.
Also there is no disposal site for hazardous waste and the incineration
capacity for infectious solid waste is insufficient. Thus, the objectives
of the solid waste management are, "to reduce uncontrolled disposal
of domestic solid waste" and "to prevent pollution by proper
control of hazardous industrial waste". |
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Environmental Education by Participation in Recyclings
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Even in the urban areas, where solid waste is collected everyday, waste is thrown into the rivers. This problem is rooted in the long-term habit of throwing waste anywhere. It is necessary to raise environmental awareness of the residents. In this activity, community-based recycling of recyclables such as bottles, cans and paper, is promoted. The activity is coordinated monthly, and recycled materials are sold to recycling companies.
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Introduction of Cost-saving Waste Collection System
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In order to extend the waste collection service areas under budget constraints,
it is necessary to improve the efficiency of solid waste collection system
in the urban area. The following system is proposed based on a simulation
of alternatives related to (i) frequency of collection, (ii) number of
collection points, and (iii) type and amount of waste to be collected as
determined by the separation at source.
- The recyclables are recycled by community and sold to recycler.
- The collection frequency is 3 times a week against the present daily collection.
- The collection points are reduced to every 20 households from the present every household.
These changes will reduce the collection cost to be around 70% of the current cost. The reduced cost is sufficient to extend the collection service to the whole rural area, if collection frequency in the rural areas is once a month, and each community has only one collection point.
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Community-based Waste Management in Rural Areas
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In rural areas, it is not necessary or realistic to provide collection service at the same level as in the urban areas. Thus, a community-based solid waste management system is introduced (see Figure )
- The recyclables are collected by community, and sold to a recycler.
- Food waste is composted by the community.
- The remaining waste is collected by the municipality or other local institution once per month
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Sanitary Landfill Construction
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 Collected wastes should be disposed of in proper disposal facilities. The
first step is to construct some sanitary landfills where leachate can be
properly managed. A computer simulation of alternatives indicated that
the collection cost, rather than the cost for construction and operation
of landfills, is dominant in overall solid waste management cost. Thus
construction of three landfills for Bandar Anzali, Rasht/Khomam/Sangar,
and the rest, is recommended.
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Construction of Pretreatment Facilities for Hazardous Industrial Solid Waste
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Hazardous waste that contains metals may be solidified by mixing with cement,
and landfilled in a sanitary landfill. |
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Construction of Incinerator for Infectious Wastes
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Infectious waste should be incinerated. Guilan Physician and Science University is studying the incineration requirements for infectious waste generated in major hospitals. The proposed capacity is about 3 ton/day. |
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Institutional and Organizational Arrangement
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User Charge
In order to make the solid waste management systems financially sustainable, charging of user fee us recommended. According to the model calculation, the cost of solid waste management is around 50,000 Rials/ton, which corresponds to 70,000 Rials/household/year for family of 4 persons.
Solid Waste Improvement Meeting
A solid waste improvement meeting of stakeholders should be held once or
twice a year to exchange opinions and to share experience of progress.
The SWIM should have three sub-meetings, that is, meeting for municipal
waste (SWIM-M) coordinated by DOE, meeting for hospital waste (SWIM-H)
coordinated by Guilan Physician and Science University, and meeting for
industrial hazardous wastes (SWIMM-I) coordinated by Guilan Industries
and Mining Organization. These sub-meetings are to be held when necessary. |
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